The Scottish Parliament paid out expenses worth a total of £17.3 million to MSPs last year, the latest figures show.
The total, which includes staff and office costs, is up by 1.8% from the previous 12 months.
Expenses data for the 2020/21 financial year was released on Thursday, covering the period before the latest election.
Holyrood adapted to make greater use of remote working following the first coronavirus lockdown, meaning MSPs could take part in debates and vote without being physically present.